Welcome to a space dedicated to women and investing – a place where investment empowerment takes centre stage. Financial independence is a critical aspect of personal growth and security. That’s why we believe it’s meaningful for women to actively engage in the world of investing.
Why come to us? Because we’re an independent provincial government agency that provides unbiased investing information. We’re not here to sell you products or sway you toward a specific investment strategy. Our goal is to arm you with knowledge and information you need to invest with confidence.
Our resource is based on research that addresses the unique needs and perspectives of women. We know women face distinct challenges and opportunities when it comes to investing, and we’re here to provide you with the guidance and knowledge you need to succeed.
Let’s embark on this path to investing with confidence together.
No one’s investing journey is straightforward and no two investing journeys are the same. So it’s important to know your financial self – this means understanding your financial goals, risk tolerance, time horizon, and investment knowledge. It takes time and patience to build a good long-term investment plan. Be honest with yourself and be open to learning – overestimating your investment knowledge can lead to problems.
Let’s start with a basic question to help you learn about your financial self.
Identifying as an investor is significant and can make a big difference when it comes to managing your financial goals.
Fact: Women consistently feel the word ‘investor’ doesn’t describe them (only 22% described themselves as an investor).
People who identify as investors are more likely to understand the risks and benefits of their investments, be on track to meet their investment goals, and have an understanding of the fees and charges associated with their investments.
You’re an investor if you’ve placed money in any type of account or product that has the potential to earn more than the interest a traditional savings account provides. You’re a saver if you put your money in a savings account and nowhere else.
Decide what you want to accomplish with your money and when you want to accomplish it.
Your financial goals are unique to you, so whatever your situation, it’s important to consider where you are now and where you want to be in your future. Setting goals is an important first step toward becoming financially secure.
Without goals, it’s harder to be persistent and strive toward a better financial situation. When you have a specific goal, you’re more likely to take the necessary steps to achieve it.
Fact: The top three investment goals identified by women are retirement (55%), vacation/travel (41%), and paying down debt (30%).
Retirement in Focus: The sooner you set your retirement plan in motion, the more time your savings have to grow. Starting to save early is one the most impactful components of a successful retirement strategy because your money has more time to earn interest or gains on the earnings that you make in the account (also known as compounding).
Once you’ve figured out your goals, start thinking about your time horizon and risk tolerance.
Although confidence is rising among women, they still feel less confident than men when it comes to making investment decisions (59% of women say they’re very or somewhat confident, whereas 78% of men say the same). Even with this rise in confidence, women feel more anxiety about losing money on investments (51% say they’re strongly or somewhat anxious) and they are less optimistic than men that they will be able to achieve their investment targets (only 39% say they’re very or somewhat optimistic). Women also have consistently lower financial knowledge than men (56% have low knowledge compared to only 38% of men). But did you know this hesitation and instinct to pause can be a good thing?
Take, for example, that men are more likely to be speculative investors – a behaviour that’s correlated with higher risk. Among women, we see consistently less speculative-type investing behaviour.
Women also tend to outperform men by periodically gaining higher returns because women avoid high-risk trends, they stay calm amid volatility, and they take a more passive approach to investing. While it’s true it wouldn’t hurt women to gain more confidence in investing, they don’t need to be overconfident either because they already have good instincts when it comes to making smart investment decisions.
So try building on your investing confidence. You can do this by getting comfortable with risk.
Investment risk is the degree to which you’re willing to lose some or all of the money you’ve invested. Investors take risks to earn dividends, interest, or capital gains to increase the value of their investments over time.
All investments come with risk. Generally, the higher the potential return an investment might offer, the higher the risk.
Diversification and Asset Mix in Focus: One way to help reduce risk in your investment portfolio is through diversification. Diversification doesn’t necessarily make you more money or stop you from losing money; it simply means not putting all of your eggs in one basket.
If you hold just one investment and it performs badly, you could lose all of your money. If you hold a portfolio with a variety of different investments, it’s less likely that all your investments will perform in the same way.
In a diversified portfolio, you hold different types of investments so that if there is a downturn in some investment categories, you have other ones that can help cushion the impact. Therefore, the asset mix you choose is important to the overall risk and expected returns of your portfolio.
The right asset mix can help balance risk with your expected rate of return on your investments. It should fit your risk tolerance, let you access money when you need it, and provide the growth you need to reach your investment goals.
Your asset mix can change as your needs and goals change.
Building Confidence by Building Knowledge: Becoming a confident investor doesn’t happen overnight. It takes time and willingness to learn. Take advantage of our vast library of information as your one-stop-shop to help build investing knowledge so you can make informed decisions.
Women at the BCSC include experts in securities law, corporate accounting, fraud investigation, information management, economics, geology, and communications. We believe in the power of diverse perspectives and the wealth of knowledge that women bring to the world of investing, so we’ve shared a few (anonymous) investing stories from women inside the BCSC.
I put off opening investment accounts because I felt I didn’t have enough money to invest. What I know now is that it doesn’t matter if you start small, just start. Now when I get paid, the very first payment I make is to my investment accounts, and it’s really encouraging to watch my balance steadily growing.
Most of my investments have increased in value, although there was one retail stock I bought that lost 90% of its value. I bought that stock simply because I liked that company’s products. It was a good lesson on why research is important and made me thankful that I had not put all my eggs in one basket (no it wasn’t an egg company!).
For a long time, I did not pay attention to investing. I would contribute to my RRSP and TFSA, maxing out on the contribution limits, then either invest the funds or leave them in cash. I did not regularly monitor it. Only when I purchased my first home and took on a mortgage a few years ago did I look at my overall finances and get educated about personal finances and investing. Now, I invest annually and check in regularly. Having a plan and routine reduces the stress of the unknown. If I could do it all over again, I would educate myself from trusted sources early and get in on investing for the future.
I took an interest in investing early in my life, an interest which continues. Investing helped me contribute to a down payment on my first mortgage. I was open to taking more risk when I started out but, as my investment goals have changed, my investment strategies have changed too. I take less risk as my goal of saving for retirement is key.
According to Statistics Canada, as of 2021, the gender pay gap for part-time employees is $0.89, which means women make 89 cents of every dollar men make. The gender pay gap for full-time employees is $0.90.
While the gender wage gap has been declining over time, a substantial gap still exists in many countries. Globally, women only make 77 cents for every dollar men earn. This is a major cause of lifetime income inequality. Among the reasons cited to explain this gap are gender differences in education, occupational segregation, and part-time work; fertility choices; and selection into family-friendly career paths. At current rates, it will take 70 years to close this gap.
When women are ready to retire, they often have saved only two-thirds of what men have saved. Yet, they have to plan for a longer retirement, as they tend to outlive men by an average of four years. Women are more likely to take maternity leave, which can make it challenging for them to focus on career growth and wealth-building opportunities.
Globally, nearly 65% of people above retirement age without any regular pension are women. (Data from United Nations)
In general, you have three options when it comes to how you manage your investments. You can use a registered investment advisor, a robo-advisor, or look after your own investments through self-directed investing
Fact: Women tend to seek information and advice from financial advisors (44%) and banks/credit unions (39%).
Registered investment professionals have a wealth of knowledge, experience, and guidance that can make a substantial difference in achieving long-term financial goals.
A registered investment advisor will play an important role in helping you select suitable investments and managing your portfolio. They have an obligation to know your financial situation and outline the risks involved with investment recommendations. An investment advisor that sells securities, such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds, or exchange-traded funds (ETFs) must be registered with a provincial securities regulator – like the BCSC.
Always do a background check on anyone who claims they’re registered to sell investments so that you can protect yourself from a potential investment fraud.
Your Advisor’s Role: There are a number of things you can expect when working with a registered investment advisor. They should:
Canadian securities regulators, such as the BCSC, also play a role in how the client-advisor relationship is conducted. Regulators recently made rule amendments based on the concept that clients’ interests come first. In a nutshell, your investment service provider and its registered advisors are required to put your interests first when recommending or choosing investments for you. If there’s a material conflict of interest, they must address it in your best interest. They will also need to do more to clarify what you can expect from them in terms of investment products and services.
Your Role is Important: As the client, you also have responsibilities when it comes to your working relationship with your investment advisor. Open and honest communication is the foundation of a successful relationship. Be clear about your financial goals, risk tolerance, and any specific concerns you may have. Schedule regular meetings with your advisor to review your portfolio’s performance, and discuss any life changes and reassess your goals.
By taking an active role in your relationship with your advisor, you can maximize the benefits of professional guidance while maintaining control and awareness of your financial future.
Watch this video to learn more about your role when working with an advisor.
Fees in Focus: Your investment advisor’s firm is compensated through fees and charges. What you pay will reduce your ability to earn future returns, so you need to know what the fees and other charges are, what you’ll get for them, and how you will pay.
If using a registered investment advisor isn’t right for you, there are other options available to help manage your money. You can use a robo-advisor or look after your own investments through self-directed investing.
Robo-advisors, also known as online investment advisors, use technology to lower costs and create processes, such as opening an account, that require minimal or no direct human contact.
You’ll likely be offered standardized model portfolios containing lower-cost investments, such as ETFs. Because of their lower operating costs, robo-advisors can charge lower fees.
Self-directed, or do-it-yourself (DIY) investing, is where individual investors build and manage their own investment portfolios. Self-directed investors decide which investments they want to buy and sell, and when. Typically, they use discount brokers and online trading platforms to make their trades. As a result, they pay lower commissions and fees because they don’t get advice about the investments they choose to make for themselves.
You might consider self-directed investing if you want to be more hands on with your investments and develop your own plan. It’s important to understand your investment goals, time horizon, risk tolerance, and investment knowledge before taking the DIY route.
We have information and tools for wherever you’re at in your investment journey – whether you’re starting your journey or you’re getting close to retirement, and everything in between. Click on the age group relevant to you to build investing knowledge and gain the confidence you need to help you make informed investing decisions.
The masterclass covers:
Investing may seem complex, but every successful investor started with curiosity and the courage to take the first step. It’s a journey that can be both personally fulfilling and financially rewarding. The fact that you’re using this resource to learn more about investing and gain the confidence you need to take control of your financial future is a step in the right direction. Your desire to grow, learn, and take control of your financial destiny is a testament to your strength and determination.
Investing is a marathon, not a sprint. While markets may fluctuate, time is often your best friend. By staying committed and having a long-term perspective, you can weather market ups and downs and benefit from the power of compounding. With time on your side, learn to embrace the idea that it’s okay to make mistakes and learn from them. Experiencing setbacks is a stepping stone toward greater understanding. So embrace the opportunities, embrace the risks, and, above all, embrace your own potential.
Your journey toward investing with confidence is an empowering path, and we’re here to offer our support. Although the BCSC can’t recommend or give advice on investments, we can answer general questions about investment products and services, tell you if an investment firm or representative is registered in BC, and tell you if the BCSC or another securities regulator has disciplined an individual or company.
Believe in yourself and know that confidence grows over time. You have the ability to learn and adapt, and you’re capable of making smart investment decisions. Trust in your own capabilities – you’ve got this.
InvestRight is brought to you by the BC Securities Commission
The BC Securities Commission (BCSC) strives to make the investment markets benefit the public – enabling people to achieve their financial goals, enterprises to grow, and British Columbia to thrive.
Through smart rules, diligent oversight, strong enforcement, and reliable guidance, we act as guardians of the province’s investment marketplace, striving to make BC a place where people can invest with confidence and companies can flourish.
BC Securities Commission
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P.O. Box 10142, Pacific Centre
Vancouver, BC V7Y 1L2
BCSC Contact Centre: 604-899-6854
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Cryptocurrencies and blockchain are the same thing.
Correct Answer: False
Blockchain is a type of digital ledger. A digital ledger records transaction information and then duplicates and distributes the information across the entire network of computer systems on that ledger. A cryptocurrency, on the other hand, is a digital asset that is secured by cryptography, which makes it nearly impossible to counterfeit or double-spend.
Regulators and law enforcement can’t trace cryptocurrency transactions.
Correct Answer: False
Cryptocurrency transactions can be traced. Though cryptocurrencies can be created, moved, and stored outside the purview of governments, regulators, and financial institutions, each transaction is recorded in a permanent fixed digital ledger. The ledger allows anyone who is plugged in to view the transaction history.
Cryptocurrencies are low-risk investments if you buy and hold.
Correct Answer: False
Many factors may make cryptocurrencies and crypto assets risky investments (e.g., cyberattacks and hacking, their speculative nature, liquidity, security, and volatility). Additionally, many crypto assets and online crypto trading platforms aren’t regulated in Canada. Securities regulators are working with operators of platforms to ensure they comply with applicable securities laws.
I can trade crypto assets through a registered dealer in Canada.
Correct Answer: True
You can trade crypto assets in Canada using registered cryptocurrency platforms. Cryptocurrency trading is legal in Canada, and you should note that profits are taxable as capital gains, or as income if you are classified as a day trader. You can check a platform’s registration by visiting the Canadian Securities Administrators’ website or by contacting a Canadian securities regulator to inquire.
Non-fungible Tokens (NFTs) are a crypto asset that people can collect and trade.
Correct Answer: True
An NFT is a digital asset that often represents real-world objects like art, music, and videos. NFTs are bought and sold online, frequently with cryptocurrency, and they are generally encoded with the same underlying software as many cryptocurrencies. “Non-fungible” means that it’s unique and can’t be replaced with something else.
There is no difference between cryptocurrencies and crypto assets, these terms are interchangeable.
Correct Answer: False
The term “crypto assets” is generally used to reference a broad range of digital assets with a variety of properties and/or uses. The term “cryptocurrencies" refers to a specific type of crypto asset, which is generally designed to be used as a medium of exchange, similar to the way we use fiat currencies (a.k.a. government-issued money) to purchase goods and services.
Not all crypto assets are securities.
Correct Answer: True
Not all crypto assets are securities or are subject to securities laws. That said, the regulatory treatment of a particular crypto asset will depend on whether it is a security or derivative. Despite the fact that a crypto asset may not be classified as a security or derivative, the way they are bought, sold and/or traded can be subject to securities laws.
Bitcoin will retain its value and rise in price over time because there’s a limited supply.
Correct Answer: False
You could lose some or all of the money you used to purchase any crypto asset or cryptocurrency, including Bitcoin. Like many investments or financial assets, there is no guarantee that crypto assets or cryptocurrencies will retain their value or rise in price.
Cryptocurrencies can be used for payments.
Correct Answer: True
Some cryptocurrencies can be used for payments; however, it can be difficult, expensive, and/or slow. Their price volatility may also be a factor in an individual or business accepting cryptocurrency as a form of payment.
Crypto asset scams are among the most popular types of online investment scams.
Correct Answer: True
As the popularity and price of cryptocurrencies rise, so do the scams associated with these digital assets. The volatile, online, and often unregulated nature of crypto assets makes it easy for people to fall victim to fraud in a number of ways. For example, fraudsters use the anonymity of the internet to attempt to avoid detection by regulators or law enforcement.
Nice work. You have a good understanding of crypto assets! Crypto assets are a constantly evolving type of investment, so there is always more to know. Visit InvestRight.org to learn more about crypto assets, investment fraud, and other important investor education information with these resources:
Good job. You understand the basics of crypto assets! Because crypto assets are an ever-changing type of investment, there is always more to know. Check out InvestRight’s crypto asset resources to learn more about these digital investments:
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